![]() ![]() ![]() Once freed, the electrons move along the metal or get ejected from the surface. When these photons strike a metal surface, they act like billiard balls, transferring their energy to electrons, which become dislodged from their "parent" atoms. This was Einstein's explanation: If the energy in light comes in bundles, then one can think of light as containing tiny lumps, or photons. ![]() When he did this, he was able to detect electrons being emitted from the surface. First, he began by shining ultraviolet light on the surface of a metal. In 1704 Newton published his treatise Opticks, this was 17 years after his great work Principia. They are tiny so the particles in two intersectingbeams do not scatter off each other. The main point of his light quantum theory is the idea that light's energy is related to its oscillation frequency (known as frequency in the case of radio waves). They obey the same laws of physics as other masseslike baseballs and planets. The light particle conceived by Einstein is called a photon. Those quantities, he proposed, must be units of the basic energy increment, hf, where h is a universal constant now known as Planck's constant and f is the frequency of the radiation.Īlbert Einstein advanced Planck's theory in 1905 when he studied the photoelectric effect. NEWTON’S PARTICLE THEORY OF LIGHT Light is made up of little particles. 14, 1900, Max Planck came along and introduced a stunningly simple, yet strangely unsettling, concept: that light must carry energy in discrete quantities. The theory predicts the relative intensity of scattered light as a function of particle size, angle of observation, and wavelength and polarization of the. Maxwell's theoretical treatment of electromagnetic radiation, including its description of light waves, was so elegant and predictive that many physicists in the 1890s thought that there was nothing more to say about light and how it worked. ![]()
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